Computer Use Policy What Is Ethical - 1605 Words

Computer Use Policy What is Ethical Computing? Computer ethics by the definition are a set of rules or principles which governs the actions of a particular individual or a group about computers in general. So basically computer ethics are moral principle which regulates the computer usage and its methods. The common topics that are covered under these principles are copyright infringement, plagiarism, piracy, privacy concerns of the individuals etc. For example, it s much easier to copy someone’s work as cite it as your own to reduce the amount you have to spend on research, ethics say that you should avoid that. It’s very easy and economical to just download software’s, games, movies, music etc without paying to the developers, ethics demand that you should pay for it. As computers are used in everyday tasks, it s very important that we use it in a way which is good for society as well as us. Computer ethics promotes discussion on this subject, about how we should use computers in accordance with the society that we live in. Plagiarism and Copyright There is some misconception between these two words that they basically mean the same thing. They are similar yes, but certainly not the same. Plagiarism is practice of taking someone else’s work or ideas and passing them off as your own. It is using someone else’s work without giving them the due credit or citation for it. In other words, it’s an act of fraud. First stealing off someone’s work and then lying that youShow MoreRelatedHaving Effective Policies In Place Is Important When Dealing1283 Words   |  6 PagesHaving effective policies in place is important when dealing with the management of a business in order to set guidelines for the people involved in the business, so they how it works and what is expected of them in order for the business to function effectively. If no policies are found within a business, it will be in trouble when a problem arises and there is not a base or rules to follow. Also, policies help explain what is important for the business and what it enforces and protects. For thatRead MoreThe Invisibility Factor Of Computers1185 Words   |  5 PagesJames Moor’s publication in METAPHILOSOPHY entitled â€Å"What Is Computer Ethics† Moore discusses the fact that the â€Å"invisibility factor of computers presents us with a dilemma.† The invisibility factor relates to the fact that computer operations are often invisible; they can’t be viewed by man (Moore, 1985). To explain this concept, Moore gives the example of a computer programmer. Moore explains that the computer programmer may be aware of what was input and output, he/she may not completely understandRead MoreThe Problem Of Computer Ethics951 Words   |  4 Pagesdifference between the computers from other technologies and how this difference makes a difference in ethical considerations. The concerns listed by the author are related to software, hardware, networks connecting computers and computers themselves. The main problem in computer ethics occurs because of policy vacuum about how computer technology should be used. Social and personal policies play an important role in ethical use of computer technology. Conceptual vacuum adds to policy vacuum. In thoseRead MoreJob Case Study1619 Words   |  7 PagesPersonnel covertly monitor the company’s computer network and email system for violations of policies. Therein lies many potential problems employees could unwittingly end up in. They may use the email system for personal emails that they don’t realize an IT employee has the ability to read. While it is generally considered a grey area for using a company’s email system to send personal emails, it still occurs quite often. Beyond this, if an employee uses the company network to log into their ownRead More Computer Ethics Essay1361 Words   |  6 PagesComputer Ethics A Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics (see Appendix A) was first presented by Dr. Ramon C. Barquins in his paper for the Computer Ethics Institute of the Brookings Institution entitled, In Pursuit of a Ten Commandments for Computer Ethics in May of 1992. Computer ethics is about principles related to behavior and decisions made by computer professionals and users, including software engineers, operators, managers, policy makers, as well as educators and students. This meansRead MoreInformation Security and Encryption997 Words   |  4 PagesM1 – Discuss Information Security â€Æ' M2 – Explain the operation and use of encryption technique in ensuring security of transmitted information What is encryption? Encryption is a method of encoding a message or information before sending it, so unauthorized users can’t access it without permission and only the person who has authorised access to it can decode it. Encryption is used to keep things secure and keep things confidential within the organisation. For example let’s say you have a chatRead More Ethics in the Age of Information Essay example1474 Words   |  6 Pagesnew technologies introduced every day, we need to decide what we must consider ethical and unethical. We must consider all factors so that the use of the information readily available to many persons is not abused. Information technology will be the most fundamental area of ethical concern for business in the next decade (Houston 2). The most widely used tool of the information age is the computer, whether it be a PC or a network of computer systems. As we enter the information age the newness andRead MoreEthical Issues Of Securing Data Security1682 Words    |  7 PagesKumar Meruvu CUW ID: F00439850 Assignment: Term Project - Project 3 1. Topic: Data Security 2. Working Title: Ethical issues in Securing Data 3. Thesis Statement: In this paper the primary motive is to provide the ethical issues related to data security. This paper provides the ethical issues facing by the individuals even the security of the applications is so high. 4. Abstract: Ethical issues are the major concern in todays secured data communication and electronic commerce. Though the applicationsRead MoreThe Legal, Ethical and Managerial Concerns of Employee Monitoring1395 Words   |  6 PagesThe Legal, Ethical and Managerial Concerns of Employee Monitoring Employee monitoring has emerged as a necessity and yet as a very controversial issue due to the widespread use of technology. Employee monitoring is the act of watching and monitoring employees actions during working hours using employer equipment/property. This phrase can be a little scary as an employee, where is the line? The restroom is their property; thankfully there are employers who know their boundaries. Legally employersRead MoreMonitoring : Monitoring A Monitoring Program861 Words   |  4 Pagesstates: Companies can implement a web filtering tool such as our ContentProtect on company computers to block or track websites not related to work activities, and if you suspect excessive wasted time, the IT group can install an activity-monitoring software such SpectorSoft to follow all computer activity on a particular PC. (para 10) However, companies need to make employees aware that this monitoring is what is happening. With the knowledge of their activities being tracked, they are less likely

Online Billing System Free Essays

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Online Bill Payment system helps keep your information organized in a simple and convenient way. We’ve developed advanced tools that help organize and pay all your bills, whether they’re recurring or one-time payments. Now your information can be consolidated in one easily accessible online resource. We will write a custom essay sample on Online Billing System or any similar topic only for you Order Now Learn more below and pay your bills quicker and easier than ever before. 1. 1 Background to Research A wide variety of payment mechanisms as well as related services is currently available. This section provides a summary of the uptake of online payments, and is followed by a brief account of common payment systems. A number of online payment systems have been developed in Europe, especially where offline bank transfers are already well established. The most common and easy to use include: online banking transfers where the account holder is redirected to the bank is Web site by the merchant site to effect payment. Other options are: i) electronic and mobile banking which have more advanced features, for example, schedule payments and ii) EBPP, where instead of having to enter all transaction details manually, these are automatically entered from the electronic bill and the payer only authorises. The EBPP provider (either bank or third party) establishes contracts with the organisations whose bills it can present electronically (e. g. utility companies) and will send in the bills the buyer has authorised. The report concentrates on business-to-consumer online payments rather than on business-to business (B2B) financial transactions. With the success of online auctions person-to-person markets have gained in importance and are also considered. The various offline payment options available for buying on line are not dealt with. 1. 2 Project overview This application administrates its users and customers. The system is easy to use with simple knowledge of computer. The applied principles in this system are instinctive and depend on running application at user interface. The following steps are included in the developing of an application. * Information collection * Design * Coding and assigning * Testing * Applying the application at User end 1. 3 Objectives This project will serve the following objectives:- * Add and maintain records * Add and maintain customer details. * Provides economic/financial reports to the owner monthly or weekly and yearly. Provides a convenient solution of billing pattern. * Make an easy to use environment for users and customers. 1. 4 Project scope * The online Billing application is providing with efficient GUI to the user and can be installed in other systems easily. * The modules is divided into * Login * Create User * Add entry * Erase Entry * Modify Entry- 1. Search name, 2. By mobile number. * T his project will help the store keeper in fast billing * This project enable to maintain a great database of all customers visited. * This project is web based and easy to use Easy to maintain in future prospect. * Powerfull online payments software * Secure, Flexible and customizable. 1. 5 Features * Security:Security is one of the most important features that customers and businesses look for in a billing system. The all encompassing security feature you do not want to go without is PCI compliance. To be PCI compliant, a system must meet all the security standards set by the PRCI SSC (Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council). If your business is primarily B2B versus B2C, you may want to consider Level 3 Processing, as ell. * View Invoice and Payment History Online:Â  Your customers will love being able to view their invoice and payment history online. By offering an EBPP to your customers, they will be able to access this information easily without having to call your of fice and talk to an employee to get their simple questions answered. They will be able to access this information anytime, virtually anywhere. Talk about convenient! * Email Reminders:Â  Another online billing feature your customers will appreciate are the email reminders. By utilizing an online billing system, you can create emails that will remind customers of late payments, upcoming payments, and changes to account easily and quickly. * Store Customer Payment Preferences:Â  These billing systems also can store your customers’ payment preferences online. It is secure and convenient. This way your customer can just set it and forget it. It cuts the payment process time down. Your customers will appreciate how this saves time and effort. * Autopay Functions:Â  The benefit that your customers will love if they decided to use is the autopay function. Your customers can have their bill taken out of their bank account each month automatically, if they so choose. This is convenient for customers who really want to save time. It also benefits customers who may be prone to forgetting to pay. This guarentees that they will not receive a late fee, as their bills will always be paid on time. * Easiness in modification of data: The system provides managing of huge data effectively and efficiently for efficient results,storing the details of the customers, employees etc. in such a way that the database can be modified. User friendly: The system is user friendly because the retrieval and storing of data is fast and data is maintained efficiently. Moreover the graphical user interface is provided in the proposed system, which provides user to deal with the system very easily. * Sharing the data is possible: Data can be shared in proposed system. This means that two or more persons can use the same data in existing system provided that they h ave right to access that data. Also the two or more departments in an organization can easily interact with eachother without the actual movement of data. No or very few paperwork: The proposed system either does not require paper work or very few paper works is required. All the data is feted into the computer immediately and various bills and reports can be generated through computers. Since all the data is kept in a database nodata of the organization can be destroyed. Moreover work becomes very easy because there is no need to keep data on papers. * Support strategic competitive advantage: Proposed system supports strategic competitive advantages. Since the proposed systems provide easiness in reports generating it will provide strategic advantages among competitors. * Computer operator control: Computer operator control will be there no errors. Moreover storing and retrieving of information is easy. So work can be done speedily and in time. Chapter 2 TOOLS TECHNOLOGY The choice of technologies for your project implementation is a critical issue because it will not only influence your project development time and cost, but also will determine how your application will stand the test of time and will be approved and appreciated by your clients. With Itransition Business Analysts you will be able to navigate all the technologies and platforms listed below, to choose the most up-to-date and win-win solution. You will be able to discuss and negotiate the choice of the programming languages and technologies suitable for project aims, size and budget. We are always attentive to all your requirements and wishes, including technological preferences, because we believe that only close cooperation with our customers all the way in project development can bring a visible and effective outcome. Programming Language were used in developing this application: JAVA with JS, Javascipt, HTML. RAM 64 MB and 2 GB hard disk. Operating Systems: Windows 95 higher version. * Web Technology: Asp. net (Microsoft visual studio 2005 framework 2. 0) * Database: MySQL Server-2005 * Development Tool: MS Visual Studio 2005 * Web Server: IIS * Web browser: Internet Explorer service pack 1 * Languages Used: C#. net, JavaScript,JAVA,HTML * Others: Themes, CSS How to cite Online Billing System, Papers

Management and Organisational Behaviour †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Management and Organisational Behaviour. Answer: Introduction: The main aim of practising management theory in an organisation is to understand and evaluate the need of planning in an organisation and emphasizes the effectiveness of proper planning in terms of achieving the goals of the organisation. Management deals with dynamic, uncertain, and ambiguous situations. Management deals with relationships in organisations, that are complicated and manages all the crisis of the organisation (Mullins and Christy 2013). The growth of management theory practise is to influence the organisation to follow a proper planning that would ensure good outcomes as well as manage the organisation at the time of crisis. Taylor was the one to consider management as a process, which with its scientific approach leads an organisation to success. His principle of management theory initiates a revolution by broadly evaluating the role of the manager in an organisation (Mullins and Christy 2013). Mintzberg was the one to explain the role of a manager as someone who is in charge of directing an organization in a proper way so that it can be able to achieve goals. For a manager in any public, private and non-profit organization, having the ability to follow an informational and decisive role is very important to influence the organisational behaviour. The goal of management is to support not only the customers, but also the organisation including culture, structure and process. The main aim of management theory is to e stablish flexibility at the work place and reduce the crises of the organisation. The importance of good structure and consequence of deficient structure: The management theory implies that organizations are manufactured and are constantly in an evolving type having no fixed mechanical systems (Mullins 2013). They follow certain structures, but those structures cannot be separated from the processes of the system. Contingency approach is the only way to ascertain the breakthrough of the management practise and theory of an organisation. Diverse situations are unique and it requires a managerial response based on specific decisions, considerations and inconsistencies. The proper use of a management theory can be therefore claimed as contingent on a set of inconsistencies that allow the organisation to ascertain the required theory to the scenario and to the problems. Adapting any management theory to the organisational context is therefore enormously important for an organisation to develop an organisational culture and structure. Bad organisational structure of an organisation fails to reach the desired goal or manage any crisis. Malay sia Aviation Group Bhd follows a good organisation structure. In the book management and organisational behaviour, it is stated that for practising any management theory, the proper application of the selected theory or concept is extremely influenced by the situation. Any organization structure functions through many layers of management and then ascertains which is best in constant organisational conditions followed by routine operations. The stakeholders of Malaysia Aviation Group can be classified by the contribution of the organisation to the stakeholder relationship by attributions of power and influence along with the size of the organisation and its level of performance. The interests of any organisation with their stakeholders are ascertained by the objectives of the organization. In management and organisational behaviour Mullins and Christy implied the fact that The stakeholder relationship of any organisation like the Malaysia Aviation Group makes intangible contributions as well as includes certain sections of knowledge, ideas, con nections, financial connections and an effort of voluntary work. The practise of management theory stresses on the requirement for the development of constructive organizational culture and learning in every workplace like the Malaysia Aviation Group. The changing nature of workplace and the demand of flexibility to meet the challenges: This company unlike others has a human resource department that is in charge of the recruitment process. This particular department in any organisation announces the vacant position in the organisations using the various media and allows qualified persons to apply for the positions. The recruiting is done through a recruitment process, which involves checking of the skills and abilities as well as illustrating the experiences the candidates have. However, in today's world, the human resource department in any organisation assigns a complex reward system that motivates the workers to provide more input to the organisation, which will lead to more output in production. This in exchange ensures more competition in an organization that automatically increases the production levels. Human behaviour can be motivated through positive motivations. Hence, the human resource managers in any organisations are thus required to positively reinforce and utilize the process of reward to increase th e production. The application of the reward and recognition system leads a company towards improved production in the work places by motivating the employees to work with more enthusiasm. The way for organizations to ensure the need of competition is to make surethat the employees are following a continuously learning process, which will help them to be more productive as well as help the company to achieve their desired goals (Mullins and Christy 2013). For any organizations that want to stay in the competition, they must make sure that their employees learn the use of technology and use the same as their skills. They also need to practise agile workforce quickly adapts the changes of the market. As a manager, while hiring,the must seek for candidates who can be lifelong learners. Seeking for talent whodemonstrates the intention to learn new skills and develop their career will help the company to be successful. Looking for services thatspecializes in providing up-to-date technologies is very important for every organisation to ensure more productivity. There is often a problem about what the employees are learning and how that is helpful, this can be solved by setti ng tutorials where the employees can learn the use of the use of technology in a well defined manner. Learning always requires practice and learning something new for the employees require practicing as well. The significance of leadership in the work organization: Leaders in the selected organization, figure out the ways to evaluate and reward the agile talent, in terms of motivatingthe employees to learn and work with more efficiency (Mullins and Christy 2013). To weaken is to lose their place in the market and this is what the company follows. As professional leaders, they also play a role in ensuring the importance ofdigital wave. Neither the company nor the employee can stay constant; they must evolve to be more competitive. this can only be done with the help of the leaders and managers as they have the ability to guide the organisation towards the right decision. A team spirit is incorporated among the employees by the managers and leaders to ensure they can work together to achieve the objectives. In modern context, this principle is applied to increase the performance of the employees and enhance more efficiency in their work. Management theory has altered with democratic type where the views of each employee are taken into considerati on at the time of the planning. The leaders of this organisation regularly hold meetings to give a chance to everyone and listen to their views for the organisation. This has helped the organisation with increase of effective communication within the organisation. Leadership as Position: Position-based leadership describes that it is only where and which place the person operates and that is what makes them leaders. This definition clarifies the fact that the chosen leader is less important than their position. It is only the position that depicts the power of an individual. Leadership as Person: This particular type of leadership emphasises on the importance of thepersons character and how it helps the person to be an effective leader. Person-based leadership answers the question of who as a person an individual is and then ascertain how it will make them a leader. This particular approach requires the individual to have the capacity and intention to drive the employees towards the fulfilment of a common purpose by working together by inspiring them with confidence and trust. Leadership as Result: this particular leadership approach highlights the results of leadership. Results-based leadership highlights and brings out whatleaders do and how they do that. Leadership as Process: The definition of this particular leadership highlights the relationship between leader and practice. It is all about what and how the leaders do their work. Situational forces and variables in the style of leadership adopted: Leadership is not like management. This is because Management looks over leadership and includes planning, organising, staffing and controlling. No leaders will exist without followers, and those followers need the influence, persuasion and inspiration that will make them follow the leader. However, leadership is not domination and can be effective through supporting or coordinating behaviour. Leaders were made and when the leader is gifted with superior qualities that makes them different others than only it can be identified. The team members can be motivated to work more effectively when their leaders influence them. The best policy for the leader in any bad or good condition is to be directive, task-oriented. The success of every leader always depends on several factors, their character, management values, self-confidence, and capability, trust in his team and the ability to cope with stress. Any Particular style of leadership works effectively by dealing with some person only ra ther than others. The distracting Factors like rough personality and temperament constraints the leader to portray their effectiveness. Hence, Leaders must control their behaviour and maintain good and well-behaved orientation with their subordinates in order to take into considerations the problem of personality differences among the team members. Impact of leadership towards the organisational culture and changes towards the organisation: Organizational culture is a concept that was established or developed, by some people, in any organisations in order to, make them learn the process that helps in coping with stress, how to observe and how to think about the upcoming crisis. The organizational culture is limited to the viewpoint, ideals and values that the members of any organisation shares. Every organization requires a leader that is ready to commit to any challenge and encourage their followers and is a powerful influence for them. They help the employees to transform their work into productivity by showcasing a certain goal of future. Every leader takes an oath to bring change in the organization culture. Organizational leadership is an intended role in any business and it concentrates on other certain goals to increase the companys productivity. Leaders are always concerned about vision, path, and change. Therefore, leaders are always ready to work by adapting the upcoming changes by magnetizing the prospects an d contributing their effort for enhancing the productivity. Leadership and organizational culture are set to work together in Malaysia Aviation group, and here leadership plays a major role and is an effective factor that brings change in culture of the organization and foster the impact of it at the time of decision making by decision makers. Conclusion: For any organizations that want to stay in the competition, they must make sure that their employees learn the use of technology and use the same as their skills. They also need to practise agile workforce quickly adapts the changes of the market. The practise of management theory stresses on the necessity for the developing of optimistic organizational culture and learning in every workplace like the Malaysia Aviation Group. References: Alexander, K. ed., 2013.Facilities management: theory and practice. Routledge. Armstrong, M. and Taylor, S., 2014.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Burke, W.W., 2017.Organization change: Theory and practice. Sage Publications. Clegg, S.R., Kornberger, M. and Pitsis, T., 2015.Managing and organizations: An introduction to theory and practice. Sage. J Mullins, L. and Christy, G., tenth edition., 2013.Management Organisational Behaviour. Pearson Education.

Sustainable Global Energy Options

Abstract In the recent past, nuclear energy sources have proofed dangerous to the environment due to the poisonous emissions they produce. Fossil fuels are also diminishing and their energy has become very expensive. Other sustainable sources do exist that are a bit cheaper, clean, renewable and long lasting.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Sustainable Global Energy Options specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Technology can be applied to make some nuclear sources safer. The only problem that exists is the level of advancement in production of these sources although some countries such as the US and Germany have successfully invented in these sources. If these sources are embraced in all countries, in combination they can be able to produce more than enough energy that is capable of meeting the demand. These sources are safe and regardless of their technological advancement, they can be opted for in order to counter the inflation in the energy sector and save the environment from pollution. This is important as all irrespective of their financial status will be able to afford energy for various uses such as domestic and industrial needs. Introduction A sustainable energy can be defined as energy that can be harnessed and used in a manner that ensures a sustainable development for a long period of time. It concerns how the available resources can be utilized without strain due to the number of people demanding for its use. Here sustainability looks at the three pillars of development that is social, economic and environmental (Kruger 2006). Over the past, energy from nuclear emitters has been in use and it has been believed to be a safe form of energy, though in the recent, it has proved otherwise especially in matters concerning environmental pollution. The cost of fuel and energy has also gone very high. Therefore, there is a need for formulation of new policies that will encourage en ergy delivery in a more efficient and safer manner thus leading to an equitable, economic viable and environmental sound globe. According to a research report on a sustainable global renewable energy system, it is possible to achieve renewable energy sources at a global level by 2050; these sources will put in mind the level of poverty in the developing world, available resources, population growth, climate change and the energy demand in various sectors such as transport, industries, buildings and services. Energy is used in three major forms; fuel, heat and electricity. To achieve this sustainability in energy production, renewable sources such as solar, biogas, wind, hydropower, geothermal, waves and tides should be considered (Kruger 2006). Implementation and success of such sources of energy in various countries proves that options safer than nuclear energy exist and can be successfully implemented at their current level of development.Advertising Looking for research pape r on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Solar energy In this source of energy, two types are put into consideration, active and passive. In active, photovoltaic panels (PV) are used to convert sunlight into useful energy where as in passive, useful sun rays such as sunlight are trapped. In active type, the panels have cells that are composed of semiconductor materials such as silicon. In its development, important to consider is the availability of space in which to erect the panels (Dawson, Spannagle 2009). The amount of energy produced depends on the amount sunlight heating the panels thus the angle of sun’s incidence and the duration in hours of sunlight availability is also vital. It is a cost effective system in that no raw material is required neither is a station necessary for its operation. Maintenance is not required at a large scale and this makes it less expensive thus achievable also in the de veloping world. Solar energy is also inexhaustible as long as the sun is available. Apart from the disadvantaged countries where by the sun is affected by snow, hailstone and thick cloud cover and especially those at the poles, this energy are viable in many of the globe’s countries. The only extra cost that is incurred in harnessing this type of energy is the purchasing of storage facilities such as batteries and fuel cells. Environmentally, there is no form of pollution experienced with this kind of energy or any hazardous material produced apart maybe from residues emanating from the manufacture of the semiconductors used. No noise is produced, meaning that these plants can be placed near residential places and other environments where no noise is permitted such as learning institutions and hospitals. Apart from electricity, solar energy can be used to create fuel for example, by use of this energy to burn hydrogen and heat up biomass fuel. Generally, solar energy can be u sed for various uses ranging from domestic hot water (DWH) to industrial process heat (IPH), meaning that it can be able to cater for the current world energy needs (Dawson, Spannagle 2009). Most of the developing countries are near the equator and they can therefore be in a position to harness as much as the solar energy as possible. An example of country that has embraced solar energy is South Africa where a group known as solar energy international (SEI) advocates for use of this form of energy to ensure sustainability, poverty eradication and to embrace globalization. The group mobilizes development organization and other stakeholders by offering training and education on the use of the technologies involved. PV systems worth millions of dollars have been implemented in Indonesia and Philippines. Kenya is also mentioned among these countries. Although the initial cost for such projects is high, they become economical in their operational phases thus making it a viable source of energy even in the developing countries in the world.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Sustainable Global Energy Options specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Wind power Wind is usually in the form of kinetic energy and through the use of turbines, is is possible to converse it into electric energy. Usually, these turbines are placed on a higher ground where the winds blow at a higher speed. Just like solar energy, wind power requires a large piece of land for the installations of the turbines (Kruger 2006). There are no hazardous products or dangerous emissions by these turbines compared to nuclear sources. The aesthetic value of the places of installation is affected but this effect is harmless to the surrounding. No raw material is required and this makes it a cost effective project to handle especially with the developing countries and the rising costs of other available sources of energy. Germany has hea vily invested in this type of energy with 17,574 installations in 2005 which generated 4.3per cent of the energy required. If f more emphasis is put on this, it is a viable source of energy in the current world. Besides its advantages, it is clear that it has some obvious demerits such as noise pollution produced by the rotating turbines. Therefore, it is not appropriate to install such stations near noise sensitive environments. Also, the wind is not available at all the times but this does not nullify its effectiveness because these turbines can be concentrated in regions such as off shores where there is a lot of wind that moves at a higher speed (Wengenmayr Bà ¼hrke 2008). Canada has also invested in wind power with 97% of its energy production coming from wind in 2005.Several installations have been put in place both by the government and individuals. In Canada a business turbine can produce up to 1,800 kW at a cost of between 2000-2750 Canadian dollars (Bernstein 2008).Though this source of energy is environmentally and economically sustainable, it has not been embraced by many nations, but with its success in some countries such as the above mentioned, it will be advisable for nations to consider this type of energy. Hydroelectric power The main source of energy here is flowing water. It can be regarded as a source of free electricity though the cost is incurred in the harnessing and transmitting. Its harnessing involves either impoundment or diversion of some water from a flowing river, although dam construction is the most common method used. Apart from distraction of the ecosystems such as migration of fish, this method is advantageous compared to the use of fossil fuels because the cost of operation is low and there no known forms of pollution experienced. To avoid much distraction to the fish ecosystem, propellers that are less harmful in turning the turbines can be used and ladders used to encourage fish movement upwards and downwards a river.Adv ertising Looking for research paper on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Large dams are not necessarily required as a micro one can produce enough electricity for a home or a farm, and this makes it affordable by a majority more so in the developing world (Green energy 2011). Although dam sites are determined by the available rivers and other uses such as recreational, industrial, settlement and other functions, the much that is produced combined with others can be enough for use. Countries with big rivers are advantaged because the energy harnessed can be used for industrial purposes. The created dams act as resoviours and create home for both terrestrial and aquatic life, controls rate of floods downstream of a river and at times can act as a tourist attraction center generating foreign exchange to that country. Hydro electricity can therefore be termed as a sustainable form of energy socially, economically and environmentally. It is used in most of the developed countries such as the United States of America where most of industries are located near w ater bodies in order to use the energy generated from this waters. Some good examples in the United States include Colorado River and Tennessee Valley. Other countries include Kenya, Canada, Germany and others. Though this form of energy can be affected by climatic changes which has affected the amount of water in the rivers, it is a safe and cleaner form of energy which can be produced for a long period of time (Green energy 2011). Nuclear options Nuclear energy production can be safe when especially the right technology is used; however, the wastes produced are what proofs troublesome. Nuclear fission occurs naturally and much can be gained by utilizing the natural process. If engineers can learn from their previous mistakes, then the improved design in power plant reactors can lead to a secure source of energy that is both environmental friendly and sustainable. One of the technologies is Uranium reprocessing where by just like in a fuel refinery, coal and biomass are used for th e production of electric power, liquid fuels and chemicals such as ammonia, a network of pipes is fed with hydrogen and carbon monoxide to produce fuel and other chemicals through various processes. The synthesis gas produced is used to burn coal and biomass in order to produce energy and chemicals. This is a process that is cheap in the sense that there are no extra costs for transportation, no need for a gasolification facility and the gas produced is more or less the same as a natural gas. Because of its ease production, both large and small scale processes can employ this technology for energy production. Chemicals produced like ammonia are used as fertilizers. Such technologies have been successful in the US and they have several advantages as compared to coal and petroleum (Suppes Storvic 2007). Other sources There are also other sources that can produce energy in a sustainable manner; such include the geothermal power where heat is harnessed fro underground through maybe a fl uid allowed to flow through the porous rocks which produces heat. This heat is eventually tapped through a turbine and used for electricity generation, in this technology, other forms of gases that are harmful to the environment can escape into the air thus causing pollution, this include, nitric oxide, sulphur and carbon dioxide. Energy can also be harnessed from the ocean, which is the use of tides and waves. In tides, water energy is used to drive water in and out of a dam thus driving an electrical turbine while the wave’s oscillations can be used to generate hydraulic pressure for driving motors which in turn can be used to produce electricity. These sources are environmentally friendly because there are no emissions involved although they cannot be used in most parts of the world since not all of them have oceans or are close to one and in any case the available ones cannot be enough to produce enough energy to meet the demand. Conclusion A number of sources for sustain able energy exist, but they have not been fully embraced. Though with the rising costs of fuel and the need to combat the effects rendered by the emissions produced during fossil fuel burning, there is an urgent need to consider all these alternatives in order to meet the energy demand in a more sustainable, effective, sufficient and environmental friendly manner. If all these forms of renewable energy sources are put in place, then it is possible to meet the energy demand at a global level. References List Bernstein, S. Bernstein, F. (2008). A globally integrated climate policy for Canada. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Cowie, J. (2007). Climate change: biological and human aspects. London: Cambridge University Press. Dawson, B. Spannagle, G. (2009). The complete guide to climate change. London:Taylor Francis. Ferguson,Charles, (2007). Nuclear energy: balancing benefits and risks. New York: Council on Foreign Relations. Green energy. (2011). Hydro power as a renewable sourc e of energy. Web. Kruger, P. (2006). Alternative energy resources: the quest for sustainable energy. Ontario: John Wiley. Nationalatlsa.gov. (n.d) Renewable energy sources in the United States. Web. Suppes, J,G. Storvick, S.T. (2007) Sustainable nuclear power, Ontario: Academic Press. Wengenmayr, R., Bà ¼hrke, T. (2008). Renewable energy: sustainable energy concepts  for the future. Berlin: Wiley-VCH. This research paper on Sustainable Global Energy Options was written and submitted by user Amalia I. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Carding Mill Valley Essays

Carding Mill Valley Essays Carding Mill Valley Essay Carding Mill Valley Essay Essay Topic: The Long Valley How and why does the valley width change downstream? 2. How and why does the channel width change downstream? 3. How and why channel cross-section change downstream? 4. How and why does the average velocity change downstream? 5. How and why does the channel gradient change downstream? 6. How and why does the bed-load change downstream? 7. How and why does the human land use of the valley change as the river moves downstream and does this Impact on the river? Introduction Carding mill valley is in Shorebird, England. It is 22. Km northwest of Trochaic; it is part of long mind. The valley in total stretches 2 miles and spans 5 sq miles in total. The long mind is a stretch of hills literally translated from welsh as Long Mountain, they stretch for 7 miles. The valley cuts into the long mind so therefore it is part of the hills. The valley has a few types of vegetation on top of grass such as heather, bracken, bilberry and gorse. There is also an abundance of animals especially sheep and birds, there Is also a disused reservoir which will have a lot of aquatic life. The valley was formed 600 years ago by volcanic activity. The rocks In the hills and valley are 560 million years old. At the top of the valley there is a waterfall that is called tight spout waterfall that is fuelled by mm of rainfall they get each year. The valley is now maintained and looked after by the national trust, which initially took over in 1965 and then completely took over in 1979. In the valley there is now a shop, cafe © and a gabion that is helping prevent the erosion. In the valley you can simply go for a walk or partake in some more exciting activities such as hang gliders, there is also a tearoom with great views and surroundings. [pick] Climate graph We can see from my climate graph that there are general trends such as mild temperatures In autumn Ana spring out really quilt cola temperatures In ten winter and very warm temperatures in the summer, the temperature go from a low of 2 degrees in December to a high of 16 in July. Yet again there are trends in the amount of rainfall, firstly there is rain all year round but the heaviest is found in November with 99 mm of rain and the low is found in July with 29 mm of rain. Carding mill alley is found in a temperate climate, which is the same as the whole of the United Kingdom, this means there are no extremes of rainfall or temperatures. Sketch Map Methodology Measurements we took 1) Valley width. 2) Channel width. 3) Channel depth. 4) Gradient. 5) Velocity. ) Bed load (longest axis and shape) 1) Valley width We use this tape measure to measure how wide the valley was. We measured from where there was an incline in height on one side to the same on the other. 1) Channel width We use the tape measure again to measure how wide the channel of water was. We simply measured from one side of the channel to the other. 3) Channel depth When we measured the channel depth we put a tape measure across the channel and then we put a meter ruler into the water and measured how deep the water is in CM. We did this every 25 CM. ) Gradient 10 measure ten gradient we put ranging poles Into ten ground or rollover at distances of 10 meters apart we used 3 poles in total. We then lined up the sights of the clinometers up with the two second red stripes on two of the poles as shown above. 5) Velocity To measure the velocity of the river we place a cork in the river and timed how long it kook for it to travel 10 meters. To measure the bed load we selected 6 rocks from the bed of the river from all 6 sites and measured the longest part of the rock, this will be its length. Then we looked at the shape of the rock and compared it to our guideline to determine whether it was very angular, angular, sub-angular, sub-rounded, rounded or well rounded. Results 1. Valley Width 2. Channel width 3. Channel Depth, Cross-section Profiles 4. Gradient 5. Velocity 6. Bed Load Longest Axis 7. Bed load shape Types of erosion Abrasion/corrosion Rocks that are carried in the river grind and erode the riverside and bed. Some of the rock at the sides and bed of the channel are washed away. This type of erosion widens the channel through lateral erosion and deepens the channel by vertical erosion. Hydraulic action Water traveling at a high speed may enter the line of weakness of rock when it hit against these rocks at the side of the channel. The force may cause the rock to break Ana ten Drone pieces AT rock are swept away Attrition When material in the water collides with one another, they break and become smaller particles. These particles become smoother and rounded. Solution/ Corrosion The river water may also dissolve the minerals in the rock and carry them down the river. Limestone may be dissolved quickly in the river water, especially when there is high concentration. Analysis of data Valley width We can see in my graph that as we move down stream the valley widens at a slow rate to begin with but it get more rapid the further we go down the valley. I can show this by using my results as I said the valley starts off at a slow rate of widening of 4. Mm to 6. Mm and again up to mm so this clearly is a gradual increase. Whereas it jumps to measurements of 1 5. Mm to 29. M and then to mm, this shows the rapid increase. This is an increase of 34. 73% from the top of the valley to the bottom; this is taken from a minimum measurement of 4. Mm and a maximum measurement of mm. Types of erosion involved in this are abrasion/corrosion, which is Rocks that are carried in the river grind and erode the riverside and bed. Some of the rock at the sides and bed of the channel are washed away. This type of erosion widens the channel through lateral erosion and deepens the channel by vertical erosion. Also Hydraulic action is an affect where water traveling at a hig h speed may enter the line f weakness of rock when it hit against these rocks at the side of the channel. The force may cause the rock to break and the broken pieces of rock are swept away. These causes get stronger as we move down the river as they pick up speed and extra sediment and rocks to cause the erosion. The most important type is abrasion as it is the most destructive erosion and as for the time of year that it is most prolific is winter as the volume of water coming down the river is greater so the amount of rock it can carry increases. The valley widens as the channel widens hence the types of erosion mentioned. Channel width We can pick out from the individual graph and the combined graph that the channel width increases as we move down stream. However there is an anomaly in these results, which could have many explanations such as harder rock or the river, slows at this point. The widths on the whole increases by nearly triple its original width. As for erosion it will have the same types as valley width as the channel width dictates the valley width. So there will be hydraulic action, corrosion and abrasion at work. The patterns Tanat are clear on ten graph all T t a general pattern AT ten Turner down alley you get the wider the valley and the channel gets. Channel depth As we look at my channel cross-sections it tells us clearly that as we move down stream the channel widens and with it gets deeper, this is this because of the types of erosion happening which are; abrasion/corrosion, attrition, hydraulic action and corrosion. It goes from a minimum depth of CACM to a maximum depth of CACM so thats an increase of 2 fifths. I have found one anomaly in my results of site one which is the deepest but that could be because of the amount of water hitting it from the plunge pool little further up. Gradient The gradient is steeper at the top near the source as it is coming down out of the valley but as you go further down stream its gets flatter as we come down out of the hills and down to the bottom of Body hill. It changes from a high of 12 too low of 2 this is a decrease of 2/3rd. An anomaly may be that there is no decrease between site 5 and 6 so there is only the force of upstream pushing the water through. There are a few types of erosion causing the change in gradient as corrosion and abrasion forcing the land to recede downwards, this changes the shape of the valley I ways such as the valley itself gets deeper and in some places causing mini waterfalls as there may be harder rock that is not eroded so easily. Deposition occurs in quantities and this affects the gradient, as it will flatten it out, as there is new bed load all the time. [pick] In the lower valley there is more lateral erosion than vertical erosion as there is not so much force pushing down where the waterfall is pushing down rather than the river pushing forward. Velocity As we move from site 1 to site 6 we see that the velocity has ups and downs there is no definite pattern between the results as they start at 1. 6 and then drop suddenly to 0. 96 but then they steadily go up so this result may be an anomaly from rock on the bottom that the cork got stuck on or maybe a small plunge pool that it got stuck in but to look at the results do not look like they have a definite pattern. But from the lowest result to the highest result there is an increase of almost double the speed. The velocity is going to change as near the plunge pool where the velocity is going to be high the amount of angular rocks will slow it and with the small channel width and the large wetted area will cause more friction and slow the cork and velocity own. Load longest axles Ana load snaps As for the bed load shape at the top of the stream the rocks angular and sub angular, as they havent had time to get eroded and smoothed over yet, as for the bed load length it starts off at the top as a maximum of 12 CM and then down to the bottom where the maximum length is 7. 6 so that is an increase of about h, so at the bottom of the valley the rocks start to become more rounded and sub rounded. So in summary the further you go down they valley the smaller and more rounded they are but up the top they are longer and more angular. In my results there are no anomaly to be found for the bed load shape but as for the bed load length there are some from site 3 and site 5 where they are much smaller than expected this could be because they got trapped in that position and eroded in that place instead of moving down stream and getting eroded on the way. The bed load shape will defiantly change constantly as the new angular rock is supplied at the top from it falling from the weathered valley sides, but further down stream the sediment has been eroded in transportation by attrition, corrosion and abrasion, which will make them smaller and more rounded. Human analysis of carding mill valley Man has influenced this area and the river in many ways, which will affect the state and the activity of the river. Firstly the excellent walking areas around draw hikers to the area this causes paths and walkways around the area. This will affect the valley as they put down tablets of stone which are impermeable to water cannot get into the soil and make it to the river via through flow this will increase surface run-off which will keep water on top of the ground and increase the chance of flooding, however they space to slabs a little apart and do not cement them down so there fore he water can still enter the earth. On the upland there is beautiful heather which could become ruined by people taking cuttings or dropping litter which affects the wildlife as the heather may be their home and they may try to eat the litter or dropped scraps, this may in turn make them dependent on humans which makes them less wild and move away from their inherited lives but this can be resolved simply by putting fines on litter or putting more bins around the site. Hand gliders love it there to as it is high and beautiful but Para gliders will cause noise and air pollution. Tourist activity has affected it by laying concrete and pavements which are impermeable increasing surface run-off and increasing yet again the possibility of flooding and in turn lowering the amount of water making it to the river and being taken away but they have put a man made drainage system in to combat this problem, they have also put hard rock barriers up to stop its natural course and dictating where it goes however the have put gabion up to stop the river destroying the landscape by eroding the valley too far and causing landslides. The tourist attraction and the education centre put together will increase the amount of visitors sleeve wanly all affects ten ruler, Decease tense wall De many people wall De walking up and down the valley all the time which will cause erosion on the grass and soft land. The hiking routes are well marked but the walkers may well go off track and cause damage on unmarked land where it needs to be preserved. The main thing that makes the place so popular to humans apart from the spectacular views, easily accessible and lots of wildlife is that its free so therefore at least 250,000 people visit the site each year so that will cause a lot of pollution and erosion, this ill also cause more conversationalist which means more tarmac and impermeable surface and more land covered which decreases interception which helps against floods. As the valley has at least mm of rain per year which is a good amount. The valley was made by volcanic activity 600 million years ago so this draws more people especially as it has some of the oldest rock formations in existence. The whole valley is covered in heather, bilberry, bracken and gorse which all helps with interception, transpiration and stem flow but as this gets cut back to build tourist attractions it will increase the amount of water going into the river causing increased chance off extreme flooding. pick] This diagram shows the system that happens to a place that has had nothing done to it in terms of tourist activity, Housing and human activity at all but when humans do step in the amount of over land flow, surface storage and soil infiltration decreases dramatically so therefore the amount of drainage basin output will be way too low so as a result there will be a massive increased threat of flooding. So basically there has been no building to increase interception and there is o tarmac to increase the surface runoff. Conclusion 1) The valley width changed down stream due to the given types of erosion such as hydraulic action, corrosion, abrasion and attrition. It does this because erosion cuts into the sides and bed of the stream and therefore it gets wider and deeper. The channel does this, as that is what causes the erosion. ) The channel width changed in ways of wider and deeper from erosion that grinds into the side of the channel so the further down the stream the wider it gets and the same happens to the depth but instead of lateral erosion it goes vertically. ) The cross-section changes as you go down the stream in ways of lateral and vertical erosion because of all types of erosion. The depth is always deeper towards the top as the water is coming down out of the hills so it is coming vertically but the further down it begins to flatten out so therefore it starts to get w ider. ) The velocity is greater at the top because the gradient up the top is greater than down the bottom so its obvious that as the gradient flattens out the velocity gets slower. 5) The gradient changes due to the direction of erosion so at the source it is vertical erosion due to the plunge pool but as you go down the erosion turns into lateral erosion so odometer ten gradient neatens out. 6) The bed load starts at the top with weathered rock falling from the valley. It is angular when it falls in and its rather large also. As the rock travels down the stream it gets eroded from corrosion, abrasion and attrition. 7) The human impact affects the river in ways such as dictating the course of the river and also it will not get any through flow water as the ground is covered with concrete and tarmac. Evaluation Large wetted area Angular rocks Small plunge pools

Almost Sisters

I couldn’t keep my feet from fidgeting as I sat in the back seat of the car awaiting our arrival at the airport. The two hour drive seemed like ten. I was so anxious to meet the girl who had been the center of almost every conversation for the past few weeks. Everyone was so eager to know everything about the girl who would soon become my new sister for the next year. I reflected back to the night when my parents asked what I thought about hosting a foreign exchange student. We had had an exchange student four years before, and I hadn’t minded having another brother around. I actually enjoyed hearing stories about his life in Venezuela. After a short period of contemplation, I agreed to the idea of hosting another. After all, one more brother among the three preexisting ones couldn’t be so bad, but my parents weren’t exactly on the same page as I was. I had wanted a sister when I was younger, but as a freshman in high school, it had been awhile since the thought had crossed my mind. I had been the only girl all my life, and I wasn’t enthusiastic about the idea of changing that now. I tried to convince my parents that a boy would be more what they wanted and that they wouldn’t want another girl around the house, but they insisted that a male exchange student just wasn’t an option. After careful deliberation, I reluctantly decided to give it shot. The next few weeks were spent getting everything prepared for the infamous newcomer. From interviews to paperwork, it all seemed so pointless. We cleared the room that was once my oldest brother’s and made it suitable for a teenage girl. My brother was now doomed to the couch on his sparse visits home. The time went by quickly and before I knew it, it was the day before the beginning of what I projected to be the longest year of my life. By the time we got home with Vartushick, or simply â€Å"V† as we learned to call her, I was already beginning to like her. There was something about her inviting smile that let me know that we were going to have a good time. Throughout the weeks leading up to the new school year, I introduced her to friends and classmates that we ran into around town. When school finally started, I made it my personal responsibility to show her to her classes and make sure she didn’t get lost. Having a sister wasn’t as bad as I had anticipated, in fact, it was actually somewhat fun. The first month or two was full of ruts in the road. Although she knew some English, there was still a big language barrier that made it difficult to understand each other. We became easily frustrated with one another as I attempted to teach her simple tasks such as sweeping and using the washing machine. There were times when I felt like she would never learn, but despite our disagreements, we eventually became as close as real sisters. The year went by much quicker than I expected, and soon, it was time for V to go back to Armenia. I was disinclined to let her go, but I knew she missed her family back home. I realized how important it had been to persevere through our struggles. If I had simply given up, like I had so often wanted to do, we both would have had a miserable year, but I hadn’t, and it brought an extraordinary friendship.

Codes of Professional Conduct in Accounting Essay

Codes of Professional Conduct in Accounting - Essay Example A code of ethics ensures that the professionals do not get into conflicts with the society as the professionals become more aware of the limits to which their activities can go. A code of ethics is important in that it specifies the ethical responsibilities of the accounting professionals something, which is meant to minimize any dilemmas that come whenever professionals act in contravention of the code of conduct1. The code of ethics for Accounting professionals is designed so as to ensure that, any issues facing the professionals and is likely to impact on the American society is taken care of. In addition, the code of ethics is more of guidelines, which specifies the extent to which a professional can go especially in regard to news, or reporting of a given event. The professionals' code of ethics for the Accounting professionals is also meant to protect the actions of the professionals from harming the American society and curb financial scandals. For the Accounting professionals, honesty and trustworthy is indispensable. The professionals must always ensure that they are consistent otherwise they risk losing credibility. This is why a code of conduct is very central to the functioning of the Accounting professionals. ... In addition, honesty and trustworthy are key tenets of Accounting practice especially given the fact that, for a very long time, the Accountants in the United States have been blamed for perpetrating scandalous activities. The AICPA professional code of conduct needs to be modified to reflect the changing nature of the Accountant's duties in this era of information technology and especially concerning the increasing menacing threat of cyber fraud. The code of ethics stipulates what a professional can or cannot do. This has ensured that, accountants remain professional and committed to their duty in honesty. The code of ethics has ensured that, the AICPA professionals understand that, it is their duty to serve Americans in honesty and trustworthy. The Nursing code of conduct calls upon all nurses to conduct themselves in a manner consisted with compassion, respect, dignity, worth in terms of professional relationships and practice. The code of conduct for nurses requires them to be committed to the patients' in spite of whether the patient is an individual, family or a group3. The code of conduct for nurses requires them to promote the health safety and rights of patients by being committed to their duties. The code of conduct for media professionals on the other hand is designed to ensure that, the media professional present balanced and true information which must not hurt the society. If not well taken care of, media professionals can create a lot of disharmony in the society. It has happened in other countries. For instance the 1992 Rwanda massacre was partly ignited by a largely biased media profession, which never gave credence to the media professional code of ethics. As a result, the

The female form superimposed onto a natural landscape can be seen as a Essay

The female form superimposed onto a natural landscape can be seen as a naturally beautiful,without connotations of sexism or sexual agenda - Essay Example As infants we all unconditionally love our mothers, we are tended by her hands, suckle on her bosom and kissed by her. The comeliness of women- her curves and shape are features that are characteristic of Nature as well. Across eastern cultures, the features of a woman have been compared to instances of Nature. In fact, Nature in itself is considered feminine because of being beautiful and hence, we can see that beauty and woman are synonymous to each other. To portray the real divine beauty of women, it was considered essential by artists to depict them raw and unclad i.e. naked. It is a movement since ancient times which is rampant even till this date. A classic example of a nude painting is Picasso’s Demoiselles d’Avignon.1 In Picasso’s favorite cubist form, the painting shows a group of nude women where the shapes of the women are taken from multiple perspectives all conjoined together at once, providing a menagerie of angles to look from and admire the beauty of a woman. Through my paintings I have tried to bring both the beautiful creations together i.e. Woman and Nature. The portrayal of the nude female form in a natural landscape is beautiful many times over. In a world such as we live in today, sadly, nudity and sexuality have attained similar connotations. Deluged by ad-campaigns, movie clichà ©s and other forms of media, we believe that nudity is important for sex appeal. What shocks me is that women itself are blinkered and misled, tending to believe that nudity is a prerequisite for being attractive. Through my paintings, I have tried to depict the original concept of beauty which has permeated the world since ancient times and has inspired mankind to arts and culture. Like any other person, I am intrigued by both Women and Nature and through my paintings I have tried to elucidate myself and others of the real essence of pulchritudinous and have violated the current concept of the sexual imagery of a naked woman.

Comparing Judaism and Islam Essay Example for Free

Comparing Judaism and Islam Essay Judaism and Islam are two of the worlds oldest, and largest monotheistic religions. These religions share a variety of customs, beliefs, and even practices. But at the same time, there are enough differences to make the two religions and cultures oppose each other greatly. Even some similarities between the two have been the source of conflict for thousands of years. Both the Jewish and Muslim faith believe in one God. Being monotheistic means just that, the belief in one God. This is the most obvious similarity between the two religions. In fact a Muslim is defined as anyone who says There is no God but God, and Mohammed is the messenger of God. and the basic creed of Judaism says Hear, O Israel! The Lord is our God, the Lord is one. Judaism and Islam both have Holy Books from which religious teachings are taken. The Muslim Holy Book is called the Quran, it is spelled in English in many different ways Koran, Kuran, this is because Arabic is hard to translate. The Quran is the word of God as reveled by the prophet Mohammed. The Jewish Holy Book is referred to as the Hebrew Bible. The first five books of the Hebrew Bible is called the Torah. This is the part of the bible lays out a system of moral and religious conduct. The Hebrew Bible was put together in the 1st century A.D. by rabbis and teachers of the Jewish text. The Hebrew Bible and the Quran both set up a system of law for the followers of the Jewish and Muslim faiths. The Hebrew Bible, the book of the Jewish faith sets up more of a code of conduct, a system of moral and religious conduct that is called the halavhah. This addresses how families should be run, personal ethics and manners, social responsibilities, and what people of the Jewish faith should and should not eat. Dietary guidelines are very important in the Jewish religion, everything that is eaten must be Kosher, meaning it is prepared a certain way. The Quran goes one step farther in setting boundaries for its believers. This book of the Muslim faith sets the rules for an Islamic state. Also there are strict rules on women, families, and daily life that are addressed in deep detail in the Quran. Polygamy is accepted in the Quran, a man may have no more that four wives. And women are actually supposed to be mostly equal to men, yet modest.  Equality of women is not always practiced in some Middle Eastern and Islamic countries. As with most religions Islam and Judaism have a variety of holidays. Some are to commemorate an event of the the past, some to celebrate a new year, or maybe the passing of a certain number of years. Ramadan, a holiday celebrated mostly by Sunni Muslims, happens during the ninth month of the Muslim year. This was the month when the Quran was reveled for the guidance of mankind. During this holy month Muslims fast and abstain from sex during the daylight hours. It is a very holy time and is taken very seriously. In the Jewish faith there is a similar holiday called Passover. This holiday lasts for seven days and commerates the deliverance of Israel from slavery. Passover more specifically refers to the evening when the angel of death passed over the houses of all in Egypt killing the first born of each home that did not have lambss blood around the door. During this holiday Jews are permitted only to ear unleavened bread called matzo during the daylight hours, much like the Ramadan fasting. Jews also hold feasts during the first two nights of this holiday. A house of worship is an important component of most religions in our world today. Islam has the Mosque, a place of prayer and teaching. Judaism has the Synagogue, also a place of prayer and teaching. In both these places people gather to perform the customs that are laid out in their religious scriptures. Unlike some religions in the world today both Judaism and Islam require their believers to pray multiple times a day. Jews pray three times a day, once in the morning, once in the noontime and once in the evening. Though this practice is more of a personal choice than the strict guidelines of prayer set in the Muslim religion. In the Quran there are five pillars of the Muslim faith: The first is profession of faith which basically means a Muslims must constantly and openly profess their faith. The second is prayer, which happens five times a day. The third is giving alms to the needy. The fourth is fasting during the Muslim holy month of Ramadan. And the fifth is the pilgrimage to Mecca. The second pillar of faith is the  practice similar to the Jewish practice. Five times a day Muslims must pray facing the holy city of Mecca. This however is a very strict prayer, maybe a bit different from the Jewish tradition, but still the same basic concept. Judaism is the oldest of the three major monotheistic religions. The religion began in the time of Abraham which would have been about 1900 B.C, over 3,000 years ago. In many ways this has made the Jewish religion and its followers very strong in their beliefs. Islam, on the other hand, was not founded until 570 A.D., some 2,000 years after the beginning of Judaism. Many Jewish believers will use this difference as an argument. They are the older of the two religions, and so they were the first people in the Holy Land (Israel/Palestine) and so they should be entitled to it and no one else. However, Abraham had two sons, Issac the leader of the Hebrew people and Ishmael, the leader of the Arab people. Though not all Muslims are Arab, the majority of the Muslims in Israel are Arab. So Muslims will use this argument by saying that Ishmael was the first son of Abraham and God told Abraham that He would take care of his first born, so the Muslims have just as much right to the area as the Jews, no matter who was there first. Though there are many similarities between Islam and Judaism, the few differences however large or small seem to greatly outweigh the amazing likenesses for the thousands of followers of both beliefs. These differences as well as the continuing argument over the promised land of Israel/Palestine continue today to escalate the war in the sacred area and drive a wedge even further between the two groups. The truly frightening part of all this is that Holy Wars are extremely hard to resolve. When two groups are fighting over land that was promised to them by a divine entity thats existence cant even be proven, there arent a whole lot of options for peace. All the world can do is educate themselves and try to accept the different religions and continue to look for some sort of compromise.

Parental Involvement in School Systems Essay example -- essays papers

Parental Involvement in School Systems Parental involvement in school systems is a vital part to the success of many different types of people’s success. Therefore the purpose of this research paper is to investigate the importance of parental involvement in elementary, middle, and high schools, as well as the influence this has on the migrant students. Although, there are many conflicts that occur while trying to get the parents involved in the school systems. This all leads to increased academic success, and proves that it is the best way to go in most cases. â€Å"Many factors affect student performances, latest fad is no cure-all†(Weaver, Reg 2003). Although the involvement of parents in school systems doesn’t fix everything according to the quote, but it does help out a lot in mostly all situations. Elementary Schools First, the parental involvement in Elementary school systems is very important to the young school student. There are many different factors affecting the way school students learn. â€Å"And public opinion recognizes that after parental involvement, teacher quality, and class size make the biggest difference in how much students learn†(Weaver, Reg 2003). This long process of getting parents involved in the school systems has been going on since 1857, and will continue as long as needed be. â€Å"Helping young parents understand how they can help their children by reading to them and staying involved in their academic lives makes a huge difference†(Weaver, Reg 2003). Getting the teachers involved in the school doesn’t have to deal all with the government, but it has to deal with just the parents and teachers communicating better with each other. When the teachers ar... ...the students are benefitted when the parents and teachers work together through online communication, and the help the students receives through this process. Weaver, l. and Barerra, j.(2003).Improving parental involvement, Eric Data base, journal 4 pages This is another article that deals with the way when parents and teachers are involved together how their children have increased academic success. Weaver, r.(2004).Solution isn’t that simple. USA today news pg.10 The article is about the importance of elementary school teachers and parents getting involved with each other to help the success of their children. Welsh, p.(2003).Value of parent-teacher meetings increases at a high school level. USA Today pg. 21a This article is about the importance of parents and teachers talking and communicating even at the high school level.

Performance management in UFI Essay

Before UFI can start giving employees bonuses or begin to sack people they need to know how well they and the business is performing. On the 10th of May each year UFI will release their end of year report, which shows how well they have performed during the past year, on the same date they also release the objectives for the year proceeding. This is when the business hand out their â€Å"UFI planning and feedback form† (attached) to each employee to fill in accordingly. Analysis of UFI planning and feedback form S1 = This sheet is to show who has filled the form in, who their line manager is and to arrange a date to review how they are doing and if they are on target to reach the objectives S2 = On sheet two the employee writes down his/her objectives, which is obviously important as they need to know their objectives so they can aim for them! The priority of the objective is also written down, this is also an important task because it is natural in every aspect of work for some areas to have a higher priority then others. If the business wants to aim more into one direction then another then it will want its employees to do the work that will help the business succeed in that area. Finally on this sheet is the â€Å"summary of achievement including demonstration of values† which in laymen terms means = ‘what you have done’ S3 = If the employee feels that he/she needs training in a certain area thus improving their productivity for the business then they write that in here. By doing this, UFI are making sure that all their employees are skilled individuals who are competant and able to do work that is asked of them. Also on this sheet is the managers summery, which, as the name suggests, is where the employees manager summarises on his/her workers performance. S4 = On sheet five is the â€Å"end of year colour band.† This is a key for you to tick where you feel the description best shows how well you have worked this year. By doing this UFI can analyse how well their staff believe they have done, e.g. if they employed 200 people ==> Yellow = 5 Purple = 14 Red = 114 Green = 47 Blue = 20 Then with this information UFI could draw up charts, graphs or whatever they want to do with it. Also on this sheet there is a section titled â€Å"individual’s comments.† This space is more then likely to be filled in with people who have just ticked the yellow or purple box with reasons/excuses of why they haven’t ticked the purple box! S5 = on this sheet is the key for the colour band for the sheet before. Another reason why UFI uses this colour band is for employee morale. As most probably the majority of employees will be ticking the red, green or blue boxes, they then turn the page and read how important they are to the businesses drive to success. What could be better for your ego then reading ==> â€Å"You have been a role model in the demonstration of UFI’s values†?

Development Of Mughlai Cuisine Of India Architecture Essay

To analyze the impact of events on the development of Mughlai culinary art of North India and the farther Scopess to advance nutrient touristry finish. The purpose of this chapter is to supply its readers with an overview into the subject of the research. The first subdivision of this chapter would cover with the debut to the Mughal History, Imperial culinary art and Sultan ‘s etiquette. The 2nd subdivision would cover with Tourism and its societal and cultural impact on a society. The concluding subdivision would cover with the relation between Food Tourism, civilization and foodways.2.1.1 Mughal EmpireArab plunderers had established their hegemony in Sindh in western India by about AD713, but the Muslim presence merely made itself felt with the foray s of Mohammed of Ghazni from approximately AD 1000.About AD 1206 the first grand Turks, those of the slave dynasty, set up regulation in Delhi. Eleven of them in sequences gave topographic point to two from the house of Balban, six Khaljis, three Tughlaks ( including Muhammad bin Tughlak from AD 1324-51 ) , four Saiyyids and three Lodis, stretching in all for somewhat more than three hundred old ages ( Life and status of people in Hindustan,1935 ) .In 1526 the swayer Babar established the Mughal dynasty in India. He followed by Humayun, Akbar, Jahangir, Shah Jhan and Aurangzeb. The Mughal period was unusually good documented. Both the emperors Babar and Jahangir were brilliant diary keepers and Akbar ‘s matter were circumstantially chronicled in the Ain-i-Akbari [ 1 ] and Akbar-Name by his tribunal historian Abu Fazal. From the clip of Jahangir and thenceforth, a series of travellers from Europe left graphic impressionistic histories of the swayers and the people of India. To the slightly ascetic Hindu dining atmosphere the Muslims brought refined and courtly etiquette of both group of both group and single dining, and of sharing nutrient in family. Food points native to India were enriched with nuts, raisins, spices and ghee. These included meat and rice dishes ( Palao [ 2 ] ) , dressed meat ( Kabab [ 3 ] ) , stuffed points ( Samosas [ 4 ] ) , sweets ( Halva [ 5 ] , stewed fruit ) and sweetened drinks ( Falooda [ 6 ] , Sherbet [ 7 ] ) . New dishes enriched the culinary art of the wheat finely grounded meat ( Halim [ 8 ] , Harisa [ 9 ] ) , or the frozen Kulfi [ 10 ] , a rich ice pick of Khoa [ 11 ] , or Jalebi [ 12 ] . Muslims influenced both the manner and substance of Indian nutrient.2.1.2 The Sultan ‘s etiquetteMubarak Ali in his book ‘Mughal Darbar ‘ ( 1993 ) has written a great trade to about the dining imposts of the Delhi Sultans, which were possibly alone to Muslims royalty in India. A certain rite of formality was observed: Before the dinners begins, the Chamberlain [ 13 ] bases at the caput of the dinners rug ( Simat [ 14 ] ) and performs the bow ( Khidmat [ 15 ] ) in the way of grand Turk ; and all present do the same. The khidmat in India consists of bowing down to the articulatio genus as in supplications. After this the people would sit down to eat, and so they are bought gold, Ag and glass cups filled with all right sugar H2O perfumed with rose-water which they call sherbert. After they have taken the sherbert, the Chamberlain calls out Bismillah [ 16 ] . Then all begin to eat. At the terminal of the dinner, jugs of barley-drink ( Fuqqa [ 17 ] ) are brought ; and when these have been consumed, betel foliages and nuts are served. After the people have taken the betel and nuts, the Chamberlain calls out Bismillah, whereupon all stand up and bow in the same manner as earlier. Then they retire. Two types of dinners were held in the royal castle, A private dinners is the 1 that sultan attends. It is his manner to eat along with those who are present and those whom he calls for the intent, such as the particular amir's [ 18 ] – the caput Chamberlain ( amirhajib ) , the grand Turks paternal cousins, Imad-ul-mulk Sartez and maestro ofA ceremonials ( amir-i-majlis ) – and those out of the a'izza ( ‘The Honourables ‘ ) A and great emir ‘s whom he wants to honor and idolize. Occasionally, when he is declined to honor any one from among present, he takes a home base, puts staff of life on it and gives it to him. The latter receives it: and puting the home base on his left manus, he bows with his right manus touching the land. Sometimes the Sultan sends something from that repast to one absent from it, and the latter excessively bows like the one nowadays and sits down to eat it along with those that be in his company. The figure Lords go toing these private dinners ne'er exceeded 20. It has been remarked that such long jovialities in the company of Lords served to throw them into Sultans Company, and therefore maintain them out of problem. The public dinners are brought from the kitchen led by the castle officers, who call out Bismillah ; and they are headed by the main castle officer. He holds in his manus a gold Mace and is accompanied by his deputy who carries a Ag Mace. Equally shortly as they enter the 4th gate and those in the council-hall hear the call, all stand up and none remain seated, the grand Turk entirely is excepted. When the dishes are served on the floor, the castle of officers stand up in rows, their heads standing in forepart. He makes a discourse in which he praises the grand Turk and eulogizes him ; so he bows to him and in the same mode bow all those present in the council-hall whether large or little. Their usage is that anyone who hears the call of main castle officer ( naqib-un-nuquba [ 19 ] ) stops immediately, if walking and remains in his topographic point if he happens to be standing and none can travel until the discourse is over. Then his deputy excessively makes a similar discourse and bows ; and so make the castle officers and all the people in the 2nd clip. Then all the people take their seats ; and the gate secretaries draft a study informing the Sultan that the nutrient has been brought, even though he is cognizant of that. The study is handed over to a male child from one of the malik ‘s boy appointed for this intent and he takes the message to the Sultan who, on reading it, appoints whosoever he likes from among the great emir ‘s to oversee the seating and eating of the people. Mubarak Ali in his book ‘Mughal Darbar † ( 1993 ) has stated some about the seating besides: The usage at that point of clip was that the Judgess ( Qazis [ 20 ] ) , speechmakers ( Khatibs [ 21 ] ) and legal experts ( Shorfa [ 22 ] ) sit on a rug ( simat ) : and so come the grand Turk relatives, the great emir ‘s and the remainder of the people. But none sits expect at his appointive topographic point ; and therefore there is perfectly no confusion amongst them. All holding so their representative seats, the cup bearerA ( Shurbdariya [ 23 ] ) who give the keeping in their custodies gold, Ag, Cu and glass vass filled with refined sugar dissolved in H2O, which they drink at dinner. Everyone had before him, a set of all the assorted dishes consisting the dinner, which he eats entirely ; and no one portions his home base with another. When they finish eating, the drink ( Fuqqa ) is served in pewter tankards ; and every bit shortly as the people take it the Chamberlains call out Bismillah. At that clip the piece garnering stands up, and the emir ‘s oversing the banquet bows, and they bow excessively ; so they retire.The dinners were held twice a twenty-four hours – 1 in the morning and the other in the afternoon.2.1.3 Kings drink‘Any Muslim who drinks ( vino ) is punished with 80 chevrons, and is shut up in a matamore ( cell ) for 3 months, which is opened merely at the clip of repast ‘ . So says the Quran ( Chapter 6 ) . However there is no uncertainty that imbibing was really common among the grand Turks and the aristocracy. For the Mughals vino had a strong attractive force. Babar had periodic fitsA A of abstention, when he would interrupt up his flagons and goblets of gold and Ag and give away the pieces, merely to restart imbibing and the usage of bhang, after stating himself ( P.N. Chopra,1963, Society and Culture in Mughal India. ) . Akbar, harmonizing to the Jesuit Father Monserate, seldom drank vino, proffering bhang. He enforced prohibition in his tribunal, but relaxed regulations for European travellers because ‘they are born in the component of vino, as fresh fish are produced in H2O†¦ and to forbid them the usage of it is to strip them of their life ‘ ( J.S.Hoyland and, and S.banerjeeA 1922, The Cemetery of Father Monserrate ) . Of his boies, Daniyal and Murad both died immature due to inordinate imbibing. His other boy Jahangir was much addicted, but did non imbibe on Thursdays and Fridays ( Nicclao Manucci, Storio de Mogor 1653-1708, trans William Irvine ) . However at terminal of his government Jahangir would absorb 20 cups of dual distilled spirits daily, 14 during the twenty-four hours and the remainder at dark ( P.N. Chopra,1963, Society and Culture in Mughal India. ) . Shah Jahan drank but ne'er beyond the bounds of decency. The following emperor Aurangzeb was of class rigorous teetotaller who in 1668 issued terrible prohibition order to all his topics, Hindus and Muslim likewise. To do this spirits, arak or rice sprit was put into empty barrel that had contained vino from Europe. The settlings of other barrels were besides added, together with H2O and Sweet sugar. After eight saddle horses, the clear liquid savoring something like white vino. Another vino was made by immersing rosins in rice sprit for 3 to 4 yearss, striving and so keeping the liquid in an empty barrel for 6 to 8 months ; an infusion of day of the months was sometimes added for sugariness and spirit ( William Foster, Early Travels in India 1583-1619 ) .A A A A A A A A2.1.4 The Imperial culinary artBabar is said to hold lived in India for merely 4 A? old ages after suppressing. He lamented fact that this state had ‘no grapes ‘ , musk melons or first rate fruits, no ice cold H2O, no staff of life or cooked nutrient in bazars ( A.S.Beveridge, trans. Babur-nama, 1922 ) . He commented most judiciously on the vegetations and zoologies that he foremost encountered in this new state. He c ommented that chironji [ 24 ] is â€Å" a thing between the Prunus dulcis and the walnut, and non so bad † .He besides described the fish from Hindustan as really savory and that they had no smell or tediousness ( intending likely deficiency of castanetss ) . But bosom Babar remained an foreigner to Indian nutrient. His boy Humayun nevertheless was much more â€Å" Indianized † . Humayun even gave up carnal flesh for some months when he started his run to retrieve the throne, and make up one's minding after some contemplation, that beef was non a nutrient for devout ( J.S.Hoyland and, and S.banerjeeA , The Cemetery of Father Monserrate, , 1922 ) . . Akbar did non like meat and took it merely seasonally ‘to conform to the sprit of the age ‘ ( P.N. Chopra, Society and Culture in Mughal India,1963 ) . He abstained from meat at first of all Fridays, later on Sundays besides, so on first twenty-four hours of every solar month, so during the whole month of Fawardin [ 25 ] ( March ) , and eventually during his berth month of Aban [ 26 ] ( November ) . He started his repast with curds and rice, and preferable simple nutrient. One of travellers Father Monserate documented that Akbar ‘s tabular array was really deluxe, dwelling of more than 40 classs served in great dishes served in great dishes. These dishes were brought into the royal dining hall covered and wrapped in linen fabrics, which are tied and sealed, for the fright of toxicant ( J.S.Hoyland and, and S.banerjee, The Cemetery of Father Monserrate,1922 ) . The Ain-i-Akbari describes three categories cooked dishes. In the first, called safiyana, consumed by Akbar ‘s twenty-four hours of abstention, no meat was used. The dishes were made of rice ( zard-birinj [ 27 ] , khushka [ 28 ] , khichri [ 29 ] and sheer-birinj [ 30 ] ) , wheat ( chikhi [ 31 ] , basically the amylum of the rice isolated by rinsing and so seasoned ) , pigeon peas [ 32 ] , palak droop [ 33 ] , halwa, sherbert etc. The 2nd category comprised those in which both meat and rice were employed ( like Palao, Biryani [ 34 ] , Shulla [ 35 ] and Shurba [ 36 ] ) , or meat and wheat ( Harisa, Halim and Kashk [ 37 ] ) A .The 3rd category was that in which meat was cooked in ghee, spices, curd, eggs etc. These dishes in due class of clip came to be known as Yakhni [ 38 ] , Kabab, Do-Pyazza [ 39 ] , Musallam [ 40 ] , Dampukth [ 41 ] , Qaliya [ 42 ] and Malghuba [ 43 ] . Bread in this clip was either thick, made from wheat flour and baked in an oven ; or thin, and bake on Fe ho me bases utilizing dough of either wheat or khushka. Natural stuff came from assorted topographic points ; A rice from Bharaijj, Gwalior, Rajori and Nimlah, ghee [ 44 ] from Hissar, ducks, water bird and certain veggies from Kashmir, and fruits from across the north western boundary lines every bit good as from all over the state. Though Jahangir, unlike his male parent, enjoyed eating meat, and particularly the animate beings of the pursuit, he kept his male parent agenda of abstention, adding Thursday to them, that being the twenty-four hours of birth of his boy Akbar. He banned the slaughter of animate beings on Thursday and Sundays. He seemed to hold left fish wholly and preferred a khichri called lazizan, made of rice cooked with pulsations, ghee, spices and nuts on the yearss of abstention from flesh. Another of his favourites was Falooda, jelly made from the straining of poached wheat, assorted with fruit juices and pick ( P.N. Chopra, Society and Culture in Mughal India, 1963 ) . Aurangzeb boy of Jahangir on the other manus was a Spartan. Tavernier says that no animate being passed his lips: he go ‘thin and thin ‘ to which the great fasts that he kept hold contributed†¦ he merely drank a small H2O, and ate small measure of millet staff of life.Besides that he slept on the land with merely a tiger ‘s tegument over him ( P.N. Chopra, Society and Culture in Mughal India, 1963 ) .2.2. TourismTourism today is one the fastest turning sectors in the planetary economic system. It is besides one ofthe largest sectors in the universe economic system doing of all time increasing parts to planetary end product and employment.In 2008, international tourer reachings grew by 2 % to 924 million, up 16 million over 2007. Analysts further predict that the tourer reachings will touch 1.6 billion by the twelvemonth 2020. Tourism is one of the largest income generators for an economic system and is turning at a really rapid gait. Growth in touristry besides translates into indirect growing and impact on assorted other sectors of the economyA ( Farooquee, N.A. et Al ( 2008 ) ‘ Environmental and Socio-Cultural Impacts of River Rafting and Camping on Ganga in Uttarakhand Himalaya ‘ ) .2.2.1 IntroductionService industry has gained utmost potency in the past two decennaries and is now one of the chief industries for societal and economic growing of any part. This growing has bought along with itself an addition in the planetary end product and assorted employment chances. One of the of import constituents of the service sector is touristry sector. The World Tourism Organization defines touristry as â€Å" The activities of individuals going to and remaining in topographic points outside their usual environment for non more than one back-to-back twelvemonth for leisure, concern and other intent † ( Commission of the European Communities et al. , 2001 ) . Tourism incorporates both touchable and intangible elements of service sector. Tourism has evolved over clip ( six decennaries about ) and has been go oning turning and diversifying in order to go the fastest and the largest turning economic sectors in the universe. Tourism has been booming at an exponential rate thereby advancing and researching new finishs and in some instances going the chief driver of the economic system. In some the underdeveloped states it is one of the chief income bring forthing sector and besides the figure one in export class at that place by bring forthing employment on a larger graduated table. The travel and touristry industry is undergoing a transmutation as the significance of this industry is unveiled by most states.2.2.2 HISTORY OF VOYAGES AND TRAVELLERS:Tourism has been apparent throughout the ages. It has merely taken a major leap in the past few decennaries and has become a major portion of the economic system. Ancient age travel was largely an unconscious matter. Travel was chiefly an result of trade and other commercialism activities. In other words, earlier traveller can be regarded as a merchandiser looking for goods and merchandises and prosecuting in trade and commercialism. States like India and China have attracted travellers from all over the ancient universe. This tendency continued ensuing in geographic expedition of different finishs by the Europeans particularly heading towards Indian shores for the exclusive intent of trade and commercialism. The impulse to research new lands and to seek new cognition in antediluvian and distant lands was yet another motivation of travelers in subsequent periods. Traveling that took topographic point during the Middle Ages was largely for spiritual intents. The pattern for going for spiritual intents became a good established usage in many parts of the universe. Romans were known for going during this epoch and wherever they went, there existed a all right web of roads. Tourism gained impulse every bit shortly as alterations like the mental attitudes towards pleasance, instruction based travel ; addition in disposal income, need for a interruption from the humdrum work agenda etc took topographic point. For about the first one-fourth of the twentieth century pleasance travel was merely for the privileged 1s of the society holding free clip in manus every bit good as significant buying power. Numerous travel associations were formed during this clip of the century who organized trips and holidaies for in-between category and their households. However, it was the twentieth century where a alteration was witnessed in the whole touristry scenario particularly from an international position for different intents like wellness, concern, diversion or spiritual intents which led authoritiess to publish passports and visas and take enterprises to their citizens abroad. Increase in touristry has been good for the full universe linking all the finishs to one a nother. However, there have been jobs associated with developing states where the authorities capacity is limited and tourist Numberss are increasing. These states rely extremely on touristry and are badly affected when touristry is discouraged on the evidences of condemnable activities and safety and security issues. â€Å" These issues and many more like the environmental issues have grown as international touristry reachings have soared to over 800 million yearly. By 2020 that figure is expected to be over 1.6 billion † ( World Trade Organization, 1997 ) . Despite these factors, touristry development opens doors to assorted employment chances for the underdeveloped states.2.2.3 IMPACTS OF TOURISMTourism is amongst the fastest and most diverse sectors of the economic system. It has been a focal point of many authoritiess, particularly for developing economic systems, to seek and develop touristry as one of the most attractive sectors of the domestic economic system. Tourism constant ly impacts every part, civilization, people, state etc that it touches. These impacts are an challenging mix of the good and the bad for the part. Governments have to do a trade off between the advantages offered by touristry and the negative impacts brought in by it. Ming dynasties and Chulikpongse ( 1994 ) have noted touristry ‘s function as an agent of alteration, conveying countless impacts on regional economic conditions, societal establishments and environmental quality.A The impacts of touristry can be categorized into the undermentioned parts i.e. Economic Impacts, Socio-Cultural Impacts and Environmental Impacts.2.2.3. Economic Impact:In most instances, economic benefits lead to the focussed growing of touristry as a sector in any state. Today, touristry is one of the universe ‘s first beginnings of export net incomes, if planetary touristry income and international transit grosss are included.Harmonizing to Keiko Noji ( 2001 ) , Governments focal point on touri stry development as it presents the easy path to roll uping and increasing the foreign militias, making occupations and lending to over all economic growing. Private sector, which brings commercial addition to the state, is a taking force in the touristry industry. In many instances, foreign capital dominates the domestic and international market and touristry outgo goes outside of the state. There are possible positive and negative impacts of such touristry development.2.2.3.1 Fiscal:Tourism helps the host community earn assorted monetary additions in the signifier growing in the foreign exchange militias, Gross Domestic Product, growing in regional commercial endeavors and for persons every bit good. For e.g. the part of Travel & A ; Tourism to Gross Domestic Product ( GDP ) ofIndiahas been forecasted to stay changeless at 6.1 % in 2008 to 6.1 % in 2018. Besides, Export net incomes from international travellers and touristry goods contributed 6.7 % of entire exports in 2008, and it is anticipated that this will lift to 4.4 % of sum in 2018 ( Beginning: World Travel & A ; Tourism Council 2008 ) .A A2.2.3.2 Employment Opportunity:Tourism development in a part leads to the more employment chances and higher pay rates for work forces and adult females and entree to better developing for employees. Lee ( 1996 ) studied the economic effects of touristry in New Zealand and concluded that touristry performed better than most industries in bring forthing employment and revenue enhancement grosss and performed reasonably good in administering income among household income categories. Cukier-Snow and Wall ( 1994 ) besides examined touristry employment growing in Bali, reasoning an addition in the employment of adult females. The part of the Travel & A ; Tourism Economy to employment â€Å"in Indiais expected to lift from 30,491,000 occupations in 2008, 6.4 % of entire employment, or 1 in every 15.6 occupations to 39,615,000 occupations, 7.2 % of entire employment or 1 in every 13.8 occupations by 2018 † ( Source: World Travel & A ; Tourism Council 2008 ) . The assets associated with touristry overpower the negatives it brings with it. However, negative impacts associated with touristry can non be ignored. The employment is frequently parttime and low paid. The skilled places are occupied by foreign subjects and hence there is disparity in the income distribution form frequently associated with leakages.A2.2.3.3 Servicess:Tourism creates growing chances in a part. It leads to the creative activity of new installations, public-service corporations and diversion installations that would non hold been possible or financially feasible to supply in the community. Tourist outlooks can take to better service by local stores, eating houses, and other concern operators and enterprisers. The tourer traffic in a community leads to break installations such as fire section, constabulary, and wellness services which besides benefits the local occupants. However, long-established and conventional services may be forced out or relocated due to competit ion with tourer involvements. Water, power, fuel, and other deficits may be experienced because of increased force per unit area on the substructure.2.2.3.4 Others:Other economic impacts of touristry includes enlargement of the economic base ( i.e. , variegation ) , Inter-sectoral linkage and Multiplier effects, growing of entrepreneurshipA as merchandises and services can be locally produced by touristry related and other concern, creative activity and growing of substructure installations, improvement of societal services and encouragement of regional development in developing countries. The most profound impact that touristry has on the host economic system is through the development and growing of substructure in the domestic state.2.2.4 SOCIO CULTURAL IMPACTS:Tourism can be act as either an international peace shaper and can assist in understanding or it can be a destructive force assailing different civilizations, ecology, and local communities ( Mirbabayev. B, Shagazatova. M ) . Therefore, development of a tourer finishs and its associated comfortss and benefits require a elaborate program in order to accomplish victory over the negativeness associated with it, particularly in developing states where conserving and developing the quality of life of local populations is disputing. The societal and cultural deductions of touristry necessitate thorough and elaborate deliberations, as effects can either interpret into long term benefits or hurts to communities. A state ‘s civilization and societal environment is highly vulnerable and therefore it needs protect ion and saving, as touristry is an gnawing force of modernisation. ( Hing. N, Dimmock. K, 1997 )2.2.4.1 Cultural Impacts:Local civilization of a part or state is the focal point for pulling tourers to the part. Though the local sculpture, music, dance, culinary art, vesture, handcrafts and traditional imposts, ceremonials and folklore are a beginning of attractive force, touristry can take to commercialisation and abuse of these really assets. This will farther take to the impairment, debasement and eventually the disappearing and the local civilization. Some of the customary activities of a part may look absurd to the tourers may take the tourers to oppose and derogative activities against the local civilization ( Xavier, 2001 ) . Cultural facets of host parts act as tourer drawing cards, but are at the same time vulnerable to socialization. Though it has a negative impact on the local traditions, assorted writers have studied that it can help in the saving procedure. Harmonizing to a survey carried out by Teye, touristry can lend to greater understanding between North and South Africa by developing cultural touristry which promotes host-guest experiences and non than superficial brushs, ( Hing. N, Dimmock. K, 1997 ) . In another instance survey on the impacts of touristry on the Khajuraho temple inIndia, it is stated that touristry can convey economic alleviation and prosperity to local community, with minimum socio-cultural costs. ( Hing. N, Dimmock. K, 1997 )2.2.5.2 Social Impacts:Social interface amid tourers and local community may ensue in common grasp, apprehension, credence, consciousness and acquisition. It gives the host community a large encouragement in assurance and regard, and reduces biass and abolishes preconceived impressions and perceptual experiences. Local communities are benefited through part by touristry to the betterment of the societal substructure for illustration development of roads, Parkss, museums, wellness attention establishments, cyberspace coffeehouse etc. Robinson ( 1999 ) , states that there is no grounds that proves that touristry is conveying different civilizations together. Tourism can increase tenseness, ill will, and intuition. Tourism has an inauspicious impact on the traditional patterns, the perceptual experience of the occupants. Unbalanced population constructions, supplanting of local people, a negative behaviour by visitants toward occupants and an inauspicious consequence on the overall community life. Assorted surveies have been carried out to find that an addition in touristry has a direct impact on the addition in offense rate of a finish, as most frequently tourers are the victims to these condemnable Acts of the Apostless ( McElroy, Tarlow & A ; Carlisle, 2007 ) . Tourism can and frequently does take to jobs such as harlotry, alcohol addiction, chancing and drug trafficking. There are few tourist finishs immune to this job ( Noji.K, 2001 ) . Hence it is highly indispensable to advance touristry in the part while guaranting that it provides both incomes every bit good as generates respect for the local tradition and civilization.2.3 Food TourismFood Tourism is all approximately nutrient as a topic and medium, finish and vehicle, for touristry. It is about persons researching nutrients new to them every bit good as utilizing nutrient to research new civilization and ways of being. It is about groups utilizing nutrient to ‘sell ‘ their histories and to build marketable and publicly attractive individualities, and it is about persons fulfilling wonder. Finally it is about sing of nutrient in a manner that is out of the ordinary, that stairss outside the normal modus operandi to detect difference and the power of nutrient to stand for a nd negociate the difference. Folklorist, nutrient bookmans and nutrient aficionados have long fascinated by occasions of explorative eating- cases of eating the new, the unfamiliar, the alien- and by the institutional cookery books and folklife festivals. These occasions and include assortment of nutrient related behaviors and reflect complex web of cultural, societal, economic and aesthetic systems every bit good as single penchants. The definition of what constitutes adventuresome feeding is a contextual 1 that depends on the position and motives of the feeder. The writer states that the intent of nutrient touristry as a model is to seek together the impression of position and assortment of cases in which a foodways is considered representative of the other. Lucy M Long ( 2007 ) defines nutrient touristry as the international as the international, explorative engagement in the foodways another-participation including the ingestion, readying and presentation of nutrient points, culinary art, repast system or eating manner considered to a culinary system that no 1 owns. This definition accent on the person as an active agent in building significance within a tourer experience and it allows for an aesthetic response to nutrient as a portion of the experience. Exploration and internationalism define these cases as touristry. Valence Smith ( 1989 ) defines a tourer as a temporarily leisured individual who voluntarily visits a topographic point off from place for the intent of sing a alteration. The culinary tourer participates for the intent of sing a alteration in foodways non simply hungriness. Nelson Graburn ( 1989 ) proposed that for the tourer to see is a journey from profane to the sacred as a manner to embroider and addA significance to 1s life. The tourer experience offers non merely new civilizations and new sights, but besides a new manner of comprehending those sights and these new manner finally heighten an person. Johan Urry ( 1990 ) developed this impression of touristry as quantitative class of experience, specifying it as a sort of sing he refers to as a â€Å" tourer regard † . This regard is different from â€Å" every twenty-four hours looking † in that it attends to difference. It notices contrast and peculiarity, it shifts the ordinary action and objects out of the ordinary universe enable Trapa bicornis and promoting viewing audiences to rcognise their power as symbols, amusement and art.2.4 Authenticity and Culinary Tourism in Mughlai Restaurants across Delhi and AgraFood touristry has long been linked with genuineness in Mughlai eating houses across Delhi and Agra. Lifestyle magazines such as Gourmet and Travel & A ; Leisure reveal the connexion between nutrient and touristry. On the other side , backpacker ushers like the Lonely PlanetA ever include subdivisions on local nutrients and where to eat while going. As these magazines demonsterate nutrient and touristry go manus in manus. But when feeding is touristry, a whole new theoretical model arises. Culinary touristry, the geographic expedition of foreign foodways as a representative of an otherA provides a model for interrogating the assorted intersections between touristry and foodways ( Long, 1998 ) . The term authensity has been widely used to analyze both foodways and touristry, it can besides be applied within the frame work of culinary touristry to hold a better understanding about societal kineticss, peculiarly the procedure of individuality building and proof, that by and large accompany the escapades in eating.A Cultural eating house are a good illustration how dinning constitutions have come under the tourer regard and how dining constitutions have become a tourer patterns. Eating where the eating house is described as a signifier of individuality work â€Å" a theatre for thought and forging a ego † ( Shelton 1990 ) . An cultural eating house is a symbolic phase upon which the geographic expedition of the alien, facilitated through the construct of genuineness becomes an look of individuality.2.4.1 Authenticity a praradoxAuthenticity has been categorized as a plastic word that â€Å" have come to intend so much that they truly intend really small while however less signaling importance and power † ( Bendix,1992 ) . â€Å" Authenticity measures the grade to hex something is more or less what is ought to be. It is therefore a norm of some kind. But is it an subjective norm, emerging somehow from the cusine itself? Or is it an experimental norm, reflecting some imposed gastronomic criterion? If it is an subjective norm, who is its aythoritative voice: The professional cook? The mean consumer? The glutton? The homemaker? If it is an imposed norm, who is its privileged voice: the cognoscente alien nutrient? The tourer? The ordinary Participants in a adjacent culinary art? The cultivated feeder from distant one? . † Arjun Appadurai ( 1986 ) Appaduraj above inquiries the lineation of the basic argument over genuineness: where it is locatedA and by what authorization is it judged? . Appadurai believes the above term should non be applied to culinary system at all, as it can non account for the in avoidable that occurs in civilization and their culinary art.2.4.2 Mughal Influence on Indian FoodThe culinary art of India is every bit huge as its people. Each and everyA group has its ain typical nutrient penchants along with their different civilization. India has witnessed several invasions from Arab, Central Asia, the Mughal Empire and Persia in its early yearss. These invasions had a great influence on Indian nutrient. The Muslims from western Asia brought the Mughlai culinary arts to India in the fifteenth century when Mughal swayers conquered a big part of India. During the Mughal dynasty, these dishes were prepared for the Mughal Emperors for elegant dining with dry fruits and nuts. The cordial reception of sharing of nutrient with others in Mughal courtly society helped India to absorb it as its ain. Mughlai culinary art is one of the most richest, popular and munificent culinary arts in the state. These are pretty spicy and have alone aroma. The cookery method includes tonss of milk and pick with alien spices, nuts and dried fruits to do it rich and spicy. Biryani, Korma and Palau are some of the celebrated Mughlai culinary art. The Mughal influence on Indian nutrient supported the development of Indian nutrient to a great extent. The Mughlai culinary art full of rich gravies and non-vegetarian nutrients such as kabobs, along with the fruits like apricots, Prunus persicas, plums and melons contoured the construction of the Indian nutrient while offering it a distinguishable dimension. Each of the Muslim swayers offered something or the other to do Indian nutrient the assortment of spice, gustatory sensation, nip and spirit. The narrative of success Mughlai nutrient is still go oning via the agencies of ethinic and some new eating houses which still serve Mughlai nutrient. It still remains as one of the most of import portion in Indian culinary manner in any eating house across India. Although, Mughlai culinary arts are available in all parts of the state, but Delhi and Agra are the best topographic point for this royal culinary art. In this present scenario, the Mughlai influence on Indian nutrient reflects the local cookery manners in it. The culinary arts available in Delhi and Agra are nevertheless are the combination Indo-Persian manner and typical North Indian spices like Cuminum cyminum, Chinese parsley, cardamon, cinnamon, turmeric and land chilies. Whereas in Hyderabad, curry foliages, hot chilies, mustard seeds, Tamarindus indica and coconut milk are added to these culinary arts to give them a local spirit.2.5 Mention2.5.1 BooksK.MA AshrafA ( 1935 ) , A Life and status of people in Hindustan,2n dA edition. New Delhi, Munshiram Manoharlal. pp 118-19 and pp 158-63M.S.Radhawa ( 1982 ) , A History of agribusiness in India, Indian council of agribusiness research, vol. 2, New DelhiP.N. Chopra ( 1963 ) , Society and Culture in Mughal India, 2nd edition, Agra. Shiv Lal Agarwala and Co. ( Pvt ) Ltd. p. 51 and 257J.S.Hoyland and, and S.Banerjee ( 1922 ) , A The Cemetery of Father Monserrate, India. Oxford University Press. p.199Nicclao Manucci, Storio de Mogor 1653-1708, trans William Irvine, John Murrary ( 1980 ) , vol.1, London. p.219Abul Fazal, The Ain-i-Akbari, trans H.Blochmann ( 1871 ) , New Delhi. Abul, Aadiesh Book Depot, repr.1965. pp. 57-78William Foster, Early Travels in India 1583-1619, New Delhi. S.chand and Co, repr 1968. pp. 60-121A.S.Beveridge ( trans. ) , Babar nama ( 1922 ) , New Delhi. Oriental Books Reprint Corporation. Pp. 645 and 687.Mubarak Ali, Mughal Darbar ( 1992 ) , Lahore, Nigarshat, .6 Sethi. V ( C1051 )